In a second step the 4PM is used to com- pute all possible solutions of the 4 phases without prescrib- ing porosity and based on the same geophysical data sets. For this model, unique solutions exist for each pair of resistivity and seismic P- wave velocity data obtained by geophysical measurements. In a first step a porosity dependent model will be introduced, which estimates volumetric ice-, water- and air content relative to the available pore space. Two different approaches with increasing com- plexity will be presented. For these two methods, nu- merous data sets from mountain permafrost sites in Europe are available. In this study we will present a first approach for a so-called 4-phase model (4PM), which is amenable for explicit calcu- lation of the four phases based on 2-D tomographic electri- cal and seismic measurements.
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